e/ is not considered part of standard Hungarian, wherein /ɛ/ takes the place of /e/. Not nearly as open as the a in American English h at, but closer to it than Hungarian a (without the accent mark)Ībout 40-50% of speakers also have a phoneme /e/ (see below at Ë). The pronunciation given for the following Hungarian letters is that of standard Hungarian.Ĭar, start, aren't, might describe it better. Prior to that, they were analyzed as two-letter combinations ⟨d⟩+⟨z⟩ and ⟨d⟩+⟨zs⟩. ⟨Dz⟩ and ⟨dzs⟩ were recognized as individual letters in the 11th edition of Hungarian orthography (1984). ⟨sz⟩ + ⟨sz⟩ → ⟨ssz⟩ ( asszony 'woman'), ⟨ty⟩ + ⟨ty⟩ → ⟨tty⟩ ( hattyú 'swan'), ⟨dzs⟩ + ⟨dzs⟩ → ⟨ ddzs⟩ ( briddzsel 'with bridge (playing game)').Īn exception is made at the joining points of compound words, for example: je gygyűrű 'engagement ring' ( jegy + gyűrű) rather than * jeggyűrű. For the di- and tri-graphs a simplification rule normally applies (but not when the compound is split at the end of a line of text due to hyphenation), only the first letter being duplicated, e.g. ⟨tt⟩, ⟨gg⟩, ⟨zz⟩ ( ette 'he ate' (det.obj.), függ 'it hangs', azzal 'with that'). Long consonants are marked by duplication: e.g. While long vowels count as different letters, long (or geminate) consonants do not. Some, such as the letter ⟨ó⟩ and ⟨ő⟩, are inter-filed with the letter preceding it when sorting words alphabetically, whereas others, such as ⟨ö⟩, have their own place in collation rather than also being inter-filed with ⟨o⟩. Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)Įach sign shown above counts as a letter in its own right in Hungarian. Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) The 44 letters of the extended Hungarian alphabet are: (As for Y, however, it exists as part of several digraphs) One sometimes speaks of the smaller (or basic) and greater (or extended) Hungarian alphabets, differing by the inclusion or exclusion of the letters Q, W, X, Y, which can only be found in foreign words and traditional orthography of names, and whether the uncommon digraphs Dz and Dzs are counted as a distinct letter. In some other languages, characters with diacritical marks would be considered variations of the base letter, however in Hungarian, these characters are considered letters in their own right. The alphabet consists of the 26 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet, as well as five letters with an acute accent, two letters with an umlaut, two letters with a double acute accent, eight letters made up of two characters, and one letter made up of three characters. The alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet, with several added variations of letters. The Hungarian alphabet ( Hungarian: magyar ábécé) is an extension of the Latin alphabet used for writing the Hungarian language.
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